Black Boy :: Essays Papers

Black Boy2 Black Boy, Richard Wright's autobiography, covers his childhood and early adulthood. It opens with four-year-old Richard's rebellion against authority, an important motif in Black Boy. At the time, Richard was restless and resentful of his mother's injunction of silence. Richard accidentally burned down his grandparents' house in his attempt to find something to occupy his time. After his mother determined that he was unharmed, she beat him so badly he lost consciousness. When Richard and his brother were very young, Nathan Wright, their father, abandoned the family, plunging them into poverty. Richard's constant hunger made him extremely bitter toward his absent father. Over the next few years, Ella, Richard's mother, would desperately attempt to feed, clothe, and shelter her children. Her long hours of work often meant leaving her children with little supervision. When Richard was six years old, he began begging drinks in a nearby saloon where the customers plied him with nickels if he would repeat various curse words and offensive phrases. When beatings proved ineffective in breaking her son of his growing obsession with alcohol, Ella engaged the babysitting services of an older black woman in the neighborhood. Ella moved in with her sister, Maggie, and Maggie's husband, Silas Hoskins. Hoskins was the proprietor of a successful saloon, so there was always more than enough food to eat. Nevertheless, Richard was unable to lose the fear that his hunger would return anew, so he hoarded food all over the house. Unfortunately, the newfound stability was not destined to last. The local whites were jealous of Hoskins's profitable business, so they murdered him and threatened to kill the rest of his family. Maggie and Ella fled with the two boys to live in another town. Maggie and Ella's combined wages proved adequate to feed and clothe Richard and his brother, but Maggie became involved with "Professor" Matthews, a wanted man. Ella and the children fled to the North after Matthews killed a white woman; Ella once again had to work alone to provide for herself and her children. Ella's health began to deteriorate. Lacking rent money, she and her sons were forced to move several times. A paralytic stroke disabled her, so Richard was forced to write to his grandmother for help. Ella's siblings gave what help they could, but none of them could take on the responsibility for both of her children. Richard's grandmother took on the responsibility for caring for Ella.

Legalization of Marijuana :: Argumentative Persuasive Drugs Essays

The question of whether to legalize drugs or not is very controversial. Drugs affect so many areas of society. For several decades drugs have been one of the major problems of society. There are two views on the legalization of drugs: some people think that they should be legalized, the other group of people think that they must not be legalized. I support those who refuse legalization of hard drugs. Well, and what about marijuana? Whether you call it hemp, Mary Jane, hash, pot, juane, giggle-smoke, kef, weed, grass, ganja, shit, marijuana, it is still Cannabis Sativa, or Cannabis for a short form (www.encyclopedia.com). It is classified as a soft drug and it is still illegal in our country. Marijuana has been used throughout the world for centuries by almost every culture. The active ingredient in marijuana is called THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol. It is smoked in a pipe or rolled in a cigarette or it is eaten (www.nida.nih.gov). I don ´t have a straight opinion whether marijuana should be legalized or not. However, although legalization of this drug has many disadvantages, I think that marijuana should be legalized for several reasons: it would cause the fall of the black market, the government might control it and the most important reason to legalize marijuana is because of its medical effects. Some people feel that legalizing of marijuana would increase the number of users due to its availability. Marijuana would become cheaper and more available to people who previously had not tried it because of the legal risk. Some of them also assert, that the temptation to use marijuana would increase when advertisments for it would displayed on television. I disagree with these opinions, because I think that people, who want to smoke marijuana, smoke it - if it is legal or illegal. I know plenty of people who have never smoked cigarettes, although smoking tobacco is legal and there exist plenty of advertisments for many kinds of cigarettes. By a large, these people don ´t want to smoke and I think that anything would not persuade them. I think that it would be great to sell marijuana at apothecary ´s, because the black market would disappear and thousands of dealers would be put out of business. Another argument for legalization of marijuana and selling it at apothecary ´s is, that the government could regulate its use and could receive the profits of the drug business.

Fahrenheit 451 Summary Essay

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Matthew Hart Nov. 12, 12 Fahrenheit 451 doesn’t provide a single, clear explanation of why books are banned in the future. Instead, it suggests that many different factors could combine to create this result. These factors can be broken into two groups: factors that lead to a general lack of interest in reading and factors that make people actively hostile toward books. The novel doesn’t clearly distinguish these two developments. Apparently, they simply support one another.The first group of factors includes the popularity of competing forms of entertainment such as television and radio. More broadly, Bradbury thinks that the presence of fast cars, loud music, and advertisements creates a lifestyle with too much stimulation in which no one has the time to concentrate. Also, the huge mass of published material is too overwhelming to think about, leading to a society that reads condensed books rather than the real thing. Guy Montag is a fir eman in charge of burning books in a grim, futuristic United States.The book opens with a brief description of the pleasure he experiences while on the job one evening. He wears a helmet emblazoned with the numeral 451, the temperature at which paper burn, a black uniform with a salamander on the arm, and a phoenix disc on his chest. On his way home from the fire station, he feels a sense of nervous anticipation. After suspecting a lingering nearby presence, he meets his new neighbor, an inquisitive and unusual seventeen-year-old named Clarisse McClellan. She immediately recognizes him as a fireman and seems fascinated by him and his uniform.She explains that she is crazy and proceeds to suggest that the original duty of firemen was to extinguish fires rather than to light them. She asks him about his job and tells him that she comes from a strange family that does such peculiar things as talk to each other and walk places. Clarisse’s strangeness makes Guy nervous, and he lau ghs repeatedly and involuntarily. She reminds him in different ways of candlelight, a clock, and a mirror. He cannot help feeling somehow attracted to her. She fascinates him with her outrageous questions, unorthodox lifestyle, perceptive observations, and incredible power of identification.She asks him if he is happy and then disappears into her house. Pondering the absurd question, he enters his house and thinks about this stranger and her comprehension of his innermost trembling thought. Montag and Mildred spend the afternoon reading. The Mechanical Hound comes and sniffs at the door. Montag speculates about what it was that made Clarisse so unique. Mildred refuses to talk about someone who is dead and complains that she prefers the people and the pretty colors on her TV walls to books.Montag feels that books must somehow be able to help him out of his ignorance, but he does not understand what he is reading and decides that he must find a teacher. He thinks back to an afternoon a year before when he met an old English professor named Faber in the park. It was apparent that Faber had been reading a book of poetry before Montag arrived. The professor had tried to hide the book and run away, but after Montag reassured him that he was safe, they talked, and Faber gave him his address and phone number. Now Montag calls the professor.He asks him how many copies of the Bible, Shakespeare, or Plato are left in the country. Faber, who thinks Montag is trying to trap him, says none are left and hangs up the phone. Montag goes back to his pile of books and realizes that he took from the old woman what may be the last copy of the Bible in existence. He considers turning in a substitute to Beatty (who knows he has at least one book), but he realizes that if Beatty knows which book he took, the chief will guess that he has a whole library if he gives him a different book. He decides to have a duplicate made before that night.Mildred tells him that some of her friends ar e coming over to watch TV with her. Montag, still trying to connect with her, asks her rhetorically if the â€Å"family† on TV loves her. She dismisses his question. He takes the subway to Faber’s, and on the way tries to memorize verses from the Bible. A jingle for Denham’s Dentifrice toothpaste distracts him, and finally he gets up in front of all the passengers and screams at the radio to shut up, waving his book around. The astonished passengers start to call a guard, but Montag gets off at the next stop.Montag goes to Faber and shows him the book, which alleviates Faber’s fear of him, and he asks the old man to teach him to understand what he reads. Faber says that Montag does not know the real reason for his unhappiness and is only guessing that it has something to do with books, since they are the only things he knows for sure are gone. Faber insists that it’s not the books themselves that Montag is looking for, but the meaning they contain. The same meaning could be included in existing media like television and radio, but people no longer demand it.Faber compares their superficial society to flowers trying to live on flowers instead of on good, substantive dirt; people are unwilling to accept the basic realities and unpleasant aspects of life. Faber says that people need quality information, the leisure to digest it, and the freedom to act on what they learn. He defines quality information as a textured and detailed knowledge of life, knowledge of the â€Å"pores† on the face of humanity. Faber agrees with Mildred that television seems more â€Å"real† than books, but he dislikes it because it is too invasive and controlling.Books at least allow the reader to put them down, giving one time to think and reason about the information they contain. Montag suggests planting books in the homes of firemen to discredit the profession and see the firehouses burn. Faber doesn’t think that this action would get to the heart of the problem, however, lamenting that the firemen aren’t really necessary to suppress books because the public stopped reading them of its own accord even before they were burned. Faber says they just need to be patient, since the coming war will eventually mean the death of the TV families.Montag concludes that they could use that as a chance to bring books back. Montag bullies Faber out of his cowardice by tearing pages out of the precious Bible one by one, and Faber finally agrees to help, revealing that he knows someone with a printing press who used to print his college newspaper. Montag asks for help with Beatty that night, and Faber gives him a two-way radio he has created that will fit in Montag’s ear; that way the professor can hear what Beatty has to say and also prompt Montag. Montag decides to risk giving Beatty a substitute book, and Faber agrees to see his printer friend.Montag gazes at Clarisse’s empty house, and Beatty, guessi ng that he has fallen under her influence, berates him for it. Mildred rushes out of the house with a suitcase and is driven away in a taxi, and Montag realizes she must have called in the alarm. Beatty orders Montag to burn the house by himself with his flamethrower and warns that the Hound is on the watch for him if he tries to escape. Montag burns everything, and when he is finished, Beatty places him under arrest. Beatty sees that Montag is listening to something and strikes him on the head.The radio falls out of Montag’s ear, and Beatty picks it up, saying that he will have it traced to find the person on the other end. After Beatty eggs him on with more literary quotations, his last a quote from Julius Caesar, Montag turns his flamethrower on Beatty and burns him to a crisp. The other firemen do not move, and he knocks them out. The Mechanical Hound appears and injects Montag’s leg with anesthetic before he manages to destroy it with his flamethrower. Montag stum bles away on his numb leg. He goes to where he hid the books in his backyard and finds four that Mildred missed.He hears sirens approaching and tries to continue down the alley, but he falls and begins to sob. He forces himself to rise and runs until the numbness leaves his leg. Montag puts a regular Seashell radio in his ear and hears a police alert warning people to be on the lookout for him, that he is alone and on foot. He finds a gas station and washes the soot off his face so he will look less suspicious. He hears on the radio that war has been declared. He starts to cross a wide street and is nearly hit by a car speeding toward him.At first, Montag thinks it is the police coming to get him, but he later realizes the car’s passengers are children who would have killed him for no reason at all, and he wonders angrily whether they were the motorists who killed Clarisse. He creeps into one of his coworkers’ houses and hides the books, then calls in an alarm from a p hone booth. He goes to Faber’s house, tells him what has happened, and gives the professor some money. Faber instructs him to follow the old railroad tracks out of town to look for camps of homeless intellectuals and tells Montag to meet him in St.Louis sometime in the future, where he is going to meet a retired printer. Faber turns on the TV news, and they hear that a new Mechanical Hound, followed by a helicopter camera crew, has been sent out after Montag. Montag takes a suitcase full of Faber’s old clothes, tells the professor how to purge his house of Montag’s scent so the Hound will not be led there, and runs off into the night. Faber plans to take a bus out of the city to visit his printer friend as soon as possible. Captain Beatty comes by to check on Montag, saying that he guessed Montag would be calling in sick that day.He tells Montag that every fireman runs into the â€Å"problem† he has been experiencing sooner or later, and he relates to him the history of their profession. Beatty’s monologue borders on the hysterical, and his tendency to jump from one thing to another without explaining the connection makes his history very hard to follow. Part of the story is that photography, film, and television made it possible to present information in a quickly digestible, visual form, which made the slower, more reflective practice of reading books less popular.Another strand of his argument is that the spread of literacy, and the gigantic increase in the amount of published materials, created pressure for books to be more like one another and easier to read. Montag withdraws money from his account to give to Faber and listens to reports over the radio that the country is mobilizing for war. Faber reads to him from the Book of Job over the two-way radio in his ear. He goes home, and two of Mildred’s friends, Mrs. Phelps and Mrs. Bowles, arrive and promptly disappear into the TV parlor. Montag turns off the TV wall s and tries to engage the three women in conversation.They reluctantly oblige him, but he becomes angry when they describe how they voted in the last presidential election, based solely on the physical appearance and other superficial qualities of the candidates. After witnessing the anonymous scapegoat’s death on the television, Granger turns to Montag and ironically remarks, â€Å"Welcome back to life. † He introduces Montag to the other men, who are all former professors and intellectuals. He tells Montag that they have perfected a method of recalling word-for-word anything that they have read once. Each one of them has a different classic books stored in his memory.

Rhetorical Analysis Stev Jobs Commencemnent Speech Essay

Through out(p) this spoken communication, Steve Jobs conquestfully convinces the multicultural graduate population at the Stanford University start-off to be preeminent in support and to pursue their passions by relaying unmatched-third regionl stories in a even structure that en up to(p)s condolence to be reckonably developed. In intimately of todays arguments, facts are given to support a claim that is be made by some iodinness how forever, in Steve Jobs language, he presents solo his private opinion and a myopic a bit of hi written report as evidence. however though this is exclusively he has to outer to his sense of hearing, it creates grandiosityal backing in his ethos. Through his stories, he creates a persona for himself.He makes himself seem like a person who carried on even in his darkest of clock clips and as advantageously some sensation who had subdue the macrocosmy obstacles he faced and when topics did non look so dandy. tour laborio us to teach the consultation that failure gutter some whiles be dear, these are burning(prenominal) pieces of the persona that he give rear throughout his lecture. He is k presentlyn as a successful man and post model to many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) large number in the world. While he develops this persona, it allows him to make a ascribeion with his au dissectnce on a level way beyond what he expects. Jobs breaks it megabucks into stories, but what he truly wants the auditory modality to see is that his breeding went okay, and hence things took a wrong turn, and wherefore every(prenominal)thing began to authorise up and get a potbelly discontinue. Things were purify than he ever would need imagined. Throughout his speech, the ups and d experiences are repeated patterns that he conveys in his stories and also in his spiritedness.Ive neer graduated from college. Truth be told this is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college gradation, is what Steve Jobs confesses immediately later on he begins his speech to the graduating class of Stanford University. You would think that for a college graduation initiation, you would want someone who could have-to doe with educationally to the audience to send the graduates off, but on this day Steve Jobs was non that person. He did not fit the norm of being a college graduate. After he makes a bidding on how he never really graduated from college, he strongly indirect request his audience, telling them how honored he is to be able to give this speech to one of the finest universities in the world.He reels the audience in by telling them that he never graduated college which gives the graduates a sense of accomplishment. Jobs however, only completed six months of school at Reeds College. Before this duration, he was very un undisputable if furthering hiscollege career would better his future in any way. moreover coincidentally, he decided to stick just about and take classes that he thought were provoke for another eighteen months. Throughout his speech, he fates his difference experiences with the audience, and they all seem to share a very common prow. This theme being the pursuit of happiness. Jobs stiffly connects with the audience by saying this and utilise pathos. He communicates this message by using occasion and effect analysis, contrast, and personal anecdotes.In his origin unawares-change story, Steve Jobs tells the audience Again, you stomachnot connect the dots tone forward you can only connect them looking backwards. In this story, Jobs does a august job when using his rhetorical methods. He uses anaphora, pathos, and apostrophe by repeating the give voice connecting the dots throughout his story. He elicits pathos from the audience when he discusses his fryhood and being adopted. This technique he uses gives the story a grand sum, and it also allows the audience to defer meaningful application. Even though his biological parents could not stomach for him and raise him the way they wanted to on their own, they did however limit a well- hit the books family that could provide for him, so that he would be an educated young man. He tells them how cardinal years later he makes the last-place to go to college, then humorously says how he felt that he wasted all of his parents savings just to be in school for such a all of a sudden time. His inclusion of such an emotional and poor background as a child born to a young fair sex out-of-wedlock, installs that even the most underprivileged students extends can reach success. He ends his story by giving the graduates a piece of advice that transitioned abruptly with the adjacent story he tells. So you absorb to consecrate that the dots will in some manner connect in your future. You have to trust in something. Your gut, destiny, life, and karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.I didnt have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coulomb bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy nutrient with, and I would walking the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a workweek at the Hare Krishna Temple, Jobs explains to his audience. Here he gets into the lows of life and how it wasnt all peaches and balmfor him when he dropped out. The personal experiences in his speech help to create and develop his individuality. He uses pathos to get the audience to understand he had instanterhere to sleep, barely had food and money, and only got one good meal a week. I am sure to the audience it may have seemed slenderly strange and out of the ordinary for him to be mentioning such a stage in his life that would that would imply he representd the life of a vagabond. That is how Jobs would pull in the audience by telling such a touching story. It just shows that even the most successful people could come from the slums and occasion s omething just by living out their dreams.As Jobs gets further along into his speech he starts off a condemn saying, If I never dropped in on that single course in college, the mackintosh would never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Jobs duologue to his audience about how at this time in his life, he still really never had an idea about how the things he had intentional would factor into his life. Here he uses logos as inductive reasoning. While being in the calligraphy classes, Jobs talks about the different types of fonts that he learn about and also how he learned the history behind them as well. He uses the Rule of 3 as his rhetoric art here. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the sum up of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typograp hy great (Jobs).With emotions and Im sure a heavy bone marrow, Jobs says to the graduates I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. Here, Job evokes pathos and ethos from the audience. He uses pathos when explaining how he and a friend of his took this store project and transformed it into a deuce billion dollar company .that nowadays has 4,000 people working for it. He appeals to the audiences emotions when he tells them about his fall from his very own business and the Apple Board of theater directors coldcock. After the release of the beginning(a) Macintosh, he was fired from his company because his panorama as the CEO of Apple was terminated, and he tells how devastated he was by this. The focus of my good adult life was departed, and it was devastating (Jobs).He states his beliefs in such a open manner that everyone in attendance of this starting signal is confident to understand an d relate to what he went through and felt. The soreness populates where to go and what to do is what he tells these Stanford graduates and the most outstanding thing he needed his audience to do was to follow their intuition and their feelings. ..Turned out that acquiring fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me (Jobs). In the next five years after he was fired from his company Apple, his creative thoughts began to excite and he started two new companies succeeding(a) and Pixar. Pixar became one of the most world known animation studios. But he did not stop there, after creating Pixar he created the primary animation pictorial matter Toy Story. This movie is a widely known success amongst many ages and generations of children and adults today. Also during this time he met the bask of his life, I fell in sack out with an amazing woman who would commence my wife Laurene and I have a beautiful family together (Jobs). He withal again uses pathos with the audience to show how even though he was passing through a bad time in his life, he still was able to find his true love, and I am sure by them finding each other, this pushed him to do great things.Ironically, Apple bought NeXT, and it is the heart of Apples current renaissance. Steve Jobs ends this short story with hitherto another sacred quote for his audience. He tells them Sometimes lifes acquittance to hit you in the head with a brick. Dont lose faith. Im convince that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Youve got to find what you love. His success shows that the adversity makes the students and himself better and stronger than anything that they will ever face. Jobs description of his journey after being fired makes him an example of gravely work as a antecedent to success. My third story is about demise. The phrase is short, uncomplicated, picturesque, and quite frankly to the point. It shows his form of this story. His short an d simple way of speaking portrays cartwheel and builds the logos of his commencement. By do this simple statement to his audience About a year ago I was diagnosed with pubic lousethis was certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, Jobs makes a personal and emotional partnership with his audience. Seeing that there are maybe some audience members who have gone through the like thing as he or have experient the same thing with someone else. Here, Jobs is using pathos to tap into the audiences feelings ofsympathy.He then develops his ethos with the audience and then explains that he has faced adversity in the form of sickness as well as other things. He comes off as a strong man who has conquered his challenges. This was proof of his strength and what he endured. Your time is limited so dont waste it living someone elses life. Jobs uses his near death experience story as a way to aver the Stanford graduates that life is too short. He uses pathos here as well when he is talk ing about the audience adjacent their hearts. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know how to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. Jobs is stating that the consequences of these many graduates not living to the best of their king after graduation, are much greater than if they did when following their real passions. Even people who want to go to heaven do not want to die in order to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. Here it shows Jobs philosophic take on death. Having experienced such a traumatic thing in his life it recreated his personal status on it. Being diagnosed with cancer and seeing his life change right before his look made him change the life almost him.He made the best of his time, and now he is telling the graduates to do the same thing. He uses very candidly and astute words to show his audience (the graduates) that finally they will die so now is the time to live it up and live it to the fullest with the time that they have left. The most important decision Jobs tells them they can make right now is to find whatever it is they love and to pursue it to the best of their ability whenever the time comes to do so. If the graduates follow their passions and do what their heart and mind lead them to do, their lives will be very sufficient and excellent in every way possible. By making these statements to his audience, he acquires warrant. Warrant is the rhetorical device that makes his speech such an advantageous one. The descent he creates between his audience and himself is a parallel experience. Through his straightforward statements, words, and subgross proof he encourages the audience of graduates that success is attainable when you follow your passions and desires. They have to live without regrets. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish (Jobs). Jobs defines his severeness when he relates to that quote. Here he yet agai n uses pathos of a puerility memory of a quote in a cartridge to connect with his audience.Thisis the last thing that Jobs wants to leave with the graduates as he comes to a close in his commencement speech. He explains to them about a magazine that he use to read as a child. As he describes it When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The all Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. Jobs begins to tell them the meaning that this magazine and quote was to him, he explicitly tells them about the last issue they ever made and the impact it would stamp on him for the rest of his life. Here he gives them a mental visual of the last issue. He goes into detail about how the picture on the back of the magazine had an early rude road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous (Jobs). Beneath it read the words Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. He gives this sense of ethos when he describes this to them. Jobs masterfully directs his audiences minds to always be meddling and to stay more significantly humble, so they will follow their hearts and love the life that is ahead of them.Steve Jobs Commencement lyric at Stanford University is considered a very effective speech because of his use of the rhetorical devices. He uses many of them such as pathos, ethos, logos, apostrophe, and many others. His use of rhetorical approaches is not the one and only thing that makes his speech one of the most successful ones. Jobs was able to relate successfully to the audience and was also able to relax them with his humor and laid-back grace and comments about his very own personal stories and life. By the end of the speech, Jobs connected very well with his audience, and they also had a better appreciation for who Steve Jobs was and who Steve Jobs was still becoming. Jobs use of morphologic repetition and his connection of emotional anecdotes encourages the audience (Stanford Graduates) to pursue their dreams and pass ions.His methodology as an speechmaker throughout the time he sets up his ethos, logos, and pathos of his advice are subtle. Jobs pathos adds to this heart-wrenching rhetoric. In addition, he also uses his three emotionally charged stories to show his high case and qualified eligibility to be giving the graduates advice about their lives and how they should never second guess anything that they do. The words he chooses are just elegant and simple and portray honesty, as well as intellectualism. But most importantly Jobs leaves these many graduates off with these short, simple and encouraging words. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.Works CitedJobs, Steve. Commencement Address at Stanford University. Graduation. Stanford University Auditorium, Palo Alto. 12 June 2005. Speech.

Characteristics of at Risk Students

Pregnant Teens Janet Riley AED/201-Teaching as a Profession December 23, 2012 Mary Ortiz Pregnant Teens In 2010 data was presented by Voices for Virginias Children showing a maternity rate for crop aged children in Virginia Beach to be 106. 7 per 1000 jejuneageds (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2012). teenage pregnancy is an get laid for many and causes problems for students (University of Phoenix, 2005). The Virginia Beach enlightenhouse district offers programs for pregnant teens to religious service them become less(prenominal) at risk. Once the teens ar in the situation of becoming pregnant, many believe they do not pull in a choice to intromit place their education.There are programs such as night classes and centers for pregnant teens available in Virginia Beach for these students. The centers offer supernumerary child consider while the parents are in class. This counsel they do not charter to miss school because they have no one to watch the children. The ni ght school has an advanced curriculum to help the students grade faster. Both programs are good for the teenage parents because it swans them unneurotic with others in the same situation. Not only does this put them in a setting with others that can picture what they are going through, it in addition puts them in an surround where they wont feel judged by others.Teenage parents may often drop out due to egoism issues or lack of help from others. It is very central to both the parents and children that the teens receive a proper education. That is why the programs mentioned are beneficial. They help the teens necessitate past the problems associated with teen pregnancy. They also offer modified classes on parenting to help the teens ease into the role of parents. This way they can soften handle the transition into parenthood and manage to cling on track. Another great thing rough the programs is that they do not cost anything. many another(prenominal) teen parents do not have a lot of funds and any money they have probably goes to doctors and items for the babies/children. The centers and special schools do not charge for admission or childcare. With this burden lifted, teens may feel they do not have to quit school. Just having the childcare is a big plus. Some teens do not get help from others and could not afford an independent daycare. So having a way to have their children being interpreted care of in a trusted purlieu is a big deal. There are programs offered by the res publica that are beneficial to these students as well.Medical programs and accessory call for programs are offered. The rural area makes sure the teens and their children have access to doctors, mental health services, family planning services, and drug abuse services (Council on Virginias Future, 2012). There are also programs to make sure nutritional needs are met. This is beneficial to students because they can stay healthy and well-nourished enough to remain in sch ool. They also make sure that teens have counseling so they are not overwhelmed by the idea of parenting and finis school.The programs offered for pregnant teens by Virginia as a state and the city of Virginia Beach are great programs. This is something I actually have personal experience with. I used the night classes to finish school. The night school gave me a chance to graduate. And since the classes did not take up my whole day, I was still able to care for my son. The school years were only as immense as an average semester, so it did not take as long to finish school. This way I was able to start a full while job sooner and did not have to gift my education. There is one problem I have found with teen pregnancy programs.The issue of teen pregnancy is something many would rather not mention. lot are afraid of bringing attention to the issue or creating influence. Therefore, the programs are not well known. Many only know of them through having to thoroughly interrogation or by hearing from counselors or horizontal peers after they have had time to give up. If the programs were to a greater extent widely known, the teens would have the advantage to decide to go before completely dropping out. Teen pregnancy does cause a lot of issues when it comes to education. With the help of the schools and centers offered by the city, educational goals can be met.Though it should not be encouraged, the students do not have to be so at-risk. References Council on Virginias Future. (2012). Teen Pregnancy. Retrieved from http//vaperforms. virginia. gov/indicators/healthfamily/teenpregnancy. php The Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). Teen Pregnancy sum up per 1,000 by Age Group (Rate) 2010. Retrieved from http//datacenter. kidscount. org/data/bystate/Rankings. aspx? state=VA&ind=6393 University of Phoenix. (2005). Introduction to Teaching Becoming a Professional, cooperate Edition. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, AED/201- Teaching as a Profession website.

Realism In International Affairs Essay

cosmos In inter ultra earthalistic face-to-face business essay Realists atomic number 18 persistent-familiar beca habituate of their pessimism to struggleds globose personalized business.This possibility brush aside be regarded as a prescription drug to be perform cardinald by governmental leading and kingdoms or as a translation of on-line(prenominal) personal business of the demesne or politician set self- avocation. naive tangibleness in administration is a great deal define as a dogma of king supremacy, and it has a long business transactionhip since the ancient times. It was reflected in Peloponnesian say of war by Thucydides. This opening was a alike moved(p) by Machiavelli in his composition The Prince, as vigorous as by early(a) grownup(p) philosophers like Spinoza, Hobbes and Rousseau.On the gust side, morpho coherent reality examines the geomorphologic qualities of this carcass as the demarcation from which war advantages. (Ahrensdorf) indemnity-making naive realness is explained in the personal adjacent overcompensate smart front to the French whirling in which patriotism as a insurance constitution-making article of faith rattling entered the creations stage, semi polity-making pragmatism bear on the semi policy-making jurisdictions of preceding belief dynasties, whilst in the 19th vitamin C, republicalist sentiments foc employ realists cautions on the learning of the tribe- secernate, a policy that what was ulterior wide to intromit imperialistic ambitions on the disassociate of the major(ip) Hesperian index numbers-Britain and France, and ultimately altogether the aforementi adeptd(prenominal) Belgium, Germevery and the get together States were influenced by imperialism. (Viotti, Kauppi).Important exit surrounded by complaisant darwinism and early(a) non-homogeneous branches political naturalism is as follows adherents of the simple eye maintain t hat near nations ar apprenticed to British dominion over a nonher(prenominal) nations, spot freshly(prenominal) vary of realists bears nearly circumspection to the consume of ensuring how that nation, elaboration or politician sets or secures decl be of necessity forwards necessarily or liaisons of separates. governmental reality in planetary affairs semipolitical naive realness of an communicatory multifariousness stands for the soupcon full addressment that planetary enounce of matter is identify by anarchy, since in that location is no haughty globe government, that could ecumenical loom with an everyday policy code. Its conventionality that realism is non in reality realistic.17, Of Commonwealth, cited in Griffiths, OC entirelyaghan). Respectively, with appear whatever autocratic demesne-wide force, nations treat distributively refreshing(prenominal) with repugnance or fear, and it indemnification the clay. early(a)( prenominal) shot of the hypothesis is an premise that a evoke rescind preempt labour its interest against the ineluctably and interests of other states, it proves that world-wide adjoin is immobilise non stable. some(prenominal)(prenominal) direct is moved(p) if states compete for the akin need, and dget the stairs much(prenominal)(prenominal) circumstances, as the realists state, the nation whitethorn imprecate on itself b bely.IR realism has thus imperfections and chamfer be regarded as a universal exceed restitution . (Stern) The judgement of communicatory agreeable of political realism great tycoon depends upon the witness of savvy political reasons, which requests intellectual the some(prenominal) a(prenominal) causes of state diplomats and encount whiletives. The chassis of officers dealings, their motives and actions is complex. walk-in says that the unkindly spirit of expressive realism includes a comp be forfendance that nation s does not guerilla make off any call for at all, or endure go the necessarily of others whole.The synthetical take to be of the triad incompatible theories resulting from this belief offers that preferring unmatched specify to another is an optional decision, if an presumptuousness is accepted, or not. It has to ceaselessly treasure itself at that place is no government agency that tardy whitethorn perform blueprints that be world(prenominal) or penalise behaviour and has to strain fountain.Such personal credit line includes the womanly prosopopoeia of the states and collectivisation of single(a)s. just about theorists state that the dealing amongst states and the friend citizens apprizenot be compared to the relations amid the states and the relations of the somebodys, and thence should be other than judged. In freshly increment to the propositions of descriptive realism, on that point are notions offered by prescriptive political realism, for instance, the occur line that a original nation should follow its own interests and of necessity separately of the germane(predicate) state of transnationalist relations.This surmise crush stack be shared into non-homogeneous aspects, depending upon proclaim interest of the nation and the allowability of the tools that would be used to orbiculate hand need goals.States are the weighty actors In the slew of multinational relations, realism alter the worthy of states.Difference in the midst of neorealism and clear realismConflict is regarded as a pigment stony-broker in politics, including multinational affairs, by all realists, however, acquiring in that location are deuce varied sources of mesh, pointed out by polar realist authors. For instance, genuine unfavourable realism possible action starts with a disheartened outdoor stage on the clementity nature. As the adherents of this hypothesis believe, selfish, free-enterprise( a) licit and striving for condition style in constituent(a) for the military mans. Hans Morgenthau states kit and caboodle that distributively individual is implemented to act uncaringly to comfort himself, and this office staff leads to the discrepancyWhat the one human being wants for himself, the other already possesses or wants, too. A state ordain keep on in a place.These ideas performed special(prenominal) several(predicate) start to a schema employ in internationalist affairs a certain solon m gray-headedinessiness lift rosy chance on others aims and trounce intentions and limits their initiatives to those that may wait on if the slip goes better. For instance, total heat Kissinger warned the leadershiphip of the the States and Israeli against the intentions of Syria dianoetic and Palestine, during the negotiations on inwardness einsteinium participation It is belike that clays volition be reached because the alternatives leave alo ne, in the end, be much dangerous.But when this happens, we must avoid euphory. An agreement willing represent a strategic intermezzo unlooked for the Syrians and just about of the Palestinians, not a dedication to a new world say.e.Another theory, neorealism or geomorphologic realism, refers the origin of conflict to interstate condition, the neglect of wakelessly circumscribe rules in grumpy, rather than to only human nature.The adherents of neorealism state, that the absence seizure of a torpid warrant that can go for rules pellucid and agreements creates an insecure, self-help berth in which all policy makers are pressured to function act competitively, irrespective of their individual natures or personal preferences. (Kegley, Wittkopf) This affirmation is not new, it appeared in the seventeenth century in the operate on of doubting Thomas Hobbes. In his written material Leviathan he other states that the in the world, which lacks absolute power that could countenance security, state has a legal right to use any tools to treasure themselves. When war is brought on via the dis placeation amongst nations throughout the breakage of well-mannered enactment it is regarded as a calamity so that quietness could be restored, where if theres a transgressor that old has resulted in the war some agencys it should be interpreted away.( valse) Waltz states that large states possess the dexterity reasonable and desire to guard the military group of other states. This results, as he sees it, in a disposal of scrap among states severally of the views of their leaders concerning home(prenominal) policy. Actually, the omen of this general contestation is not much different from the self-reliance make by the adherents of unspotted realism. As shortly as it is ground on the certain assumptions concerning human nature, classic realists yield that the makers of policy too act competitively.It may in feature be accomplish onl y by use disincentive and force.As briefly as the states interests grow crosswise in conflict, it is anticipate that leaders pay much assistance to their positions in power.The continent realist scientific worldview appealed to many statesmen during the menses that states were evolving in horse opera Europe-an era prevalent with conflict, as knightly forms of rule broke bring down and rulers maintain new claims to authority against feudal lords or the Pope. It jumped to the join States when the experiences of humanity fight II were followed by the quick attack of the cutting fight. Neorealism ulterior emerged when the bipolarity of the frigidness War move analysts attention to the effect of the organise of the interstate remains. In the following, trinity pattern assumptions of realism is pass to be mentioned and having real emotional state archetype to pose realism isnt altogether realistic.It is ground upon the ideas of Kennan and Morgenthau, including the ideas of finesse purposes and international social club. It proclaims that a global order is inevitable to be concur by the largest states, to tender the publicity of their interests and squinch the threat of terrorists. Accordingly, the regular army political power is case-hardened as an element, zippy for holding the ample capitalist Peace.At the same time, it is added that the limits should be put on the US power, in order to legitimate interests logical and needs of other states should be satisfied.Each one is a particular theory that attempts to firearm faint out the way states act.(Lieven, Hulsman) Sources Waltz, K. N. morphologic naive realism later the wintry War. worldwide Security. An clear inherent concept down the stairs realism is that the diffusion of power called system polarity.McGraw hillock NY, 1993. Stern, G. The organize of kidney world(prenominal) Society. capital of the United Kingdom Pinter Publishers, 2000.Change i n the system will mother kind .Oxford University Press, 2004 Griffiths, M. , OCallaghan, T. International dealing The tell apart Concepts. London, Routledge, 2002 Kegley, C.

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McDonalds causa convey boeuf disgust stem 9 SaurabhJanwalkar -75 Dhvani Pargonkh- 89 Karan Savardekar 103 Nikita Thakur 113 SwapneelVaidya 117 McDonalds yell wild up enmity McDonalds is the instau solelytocksions largest kitchen range of yellburger fast(a) nutrient eaterys, luck approximately 68 ace thousand thousand clients insouciant in 119 countries. Headquartered in the unify States, the connection began in 1940 as a cook prohibited eat ho hold operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald. In 1948 they organise their pedigree as a burger wheel victimization t inunct term of ph angiotensin-converting enzyme line principles.McDonalds was show fourth dimensioned as a fag in residuumaurant by deuce br early(a)(a)s, Richard and Maurice McDonald, in California. The work was generating US $200000 per annum in 1940s. They introduced a rude(a) conception c completely(a)ed egotism-importance work and designed their kitchen for host doing with fi ction line procedures. Prices were unploughed miser fit speed, divine service and cleanliness became the supremacy factors for business. The asked mascot of McDonalds was a valetkind with a chefs wear on pilfer of a hamburger sustain issueroom whose piddle was Speedee. Speedee was in the oddity replaced with Ronald McDonald by 1967 when the confederacy reveal(p)growth filed a U.S. denounce on a goofball shape man having puff emerge caparison legs. As say of their success sp read, franchises started screening interest. pecker Kroc finalized a par pull in ones horns with McDonald br a nonher(prenominal)s in 1954. He schematic a franchising attach to the McDonald formation Inc and decreed franchises. By the revoke of 1960s Kroc had indispensableized oer four hundred franchising stunnedlets. In 1965 McDonalds went globe. By the end of 1970s, McDonalds had oer 5000 restaurants with gross r so farue exceptional(a) collar jillion US dollars. By 1998, McDonald was operating(a) 25,000 restaurants in 116 countries, circumstances much than than 15 meg clients annually. stock- shut away contr ein truthplacesies started erupting one by and by the separate for the caller- step to the fore. The biggest joust was the McDonalds cunt hot up inclination. The causal agency which was filed in Seattle, US aver that the family had, for a decade, duped vegetarian customers into eating french chips that contained boeuf extracts. This recognize ca utilize a non bad(p) furoreamong the customers. Q1. tumble the sundry(a) allegations levelled against McDonalds out front the cut chips competition. What eonian put to workes contributed to so virtually(prenominal) hostility and upbraiding contempt McDonalds macrocosmness the form one fast viands ambit in the world?McDonalds has a long tale of type denounceters shells universe filed against it. It had been much charge of resorting to unsporting and un good business practices. some(a) of the allegations be as fol misfortunates. * In the later(a) 1990s the society had to fix everywhere 700 incidents of scalding deep brown destroy. McDonalds kept the coffee at 185 F which is 20 F hotter than the financial indorseard temperature at separate restaurants. An 81 category charr suffered 3rd microscope stage burns on her start torso that required whittle grafts and hospitalization for a week. aft(prenominal) McDonalds ignore her beg for compensation for medical bills she filed a subject against the alliance. some other case was filed by a charr who was for good deface by an passing hot jumble objet dart in a hamburger. * A customer who fix the blue head of a rat inside(a) his hamburger a desire filed a typeface. * nutriment It was so-called that Mc Donalds lead astray high-fat, small(a) lineament forage which quarter ca uptake diseases much(prenominal) as cancer, center of wariness pro blems, obesity and diabetes. except McDonalds refuted the allegation proverb that scientific distinguish has neer been decisive and that it had a near to sell tear apart feed further like chocolate or ice-cream manufacturers did. milieu It has likewise been criminate of destroying tropical forests to assist kine ranching. * advertize It was so-called that the labored announce by McDonalds was exerting a minus forge on children and exploiting them. * calling McDonalds is criminate of phantasmal offering low earnings and forcing local anaesthetic regimen outlets out of the business. Charges of discrimination, curtailing workers rights, belowstaffing, some breaks, wrong hours, short(p) safeguard conditions, inhibition unionization attempts, kitchens make full with sewerage and change colly feed were in any case leveled against the federation. Animals McDonalds slaughters hundreds of thousands of cows, chickens, lambs and other animals per ye ar. * enlargementIt was so-called that McDonalds was creating a globalized arrangement in which wealth is knackered out of the local economies into the pass of a very a few(prenominal) abstruse elite. This resulted in self commensurate and sustainable realm existence replaced by hard cash crops and agri assimilation under pull wires of multinationals. * let loose dialectIt has excessively been asseverate that McDonalds uses its punch to figure out media and levelheaded powers to appal muckle into non verbalise out against the fellowship.These atomic fig 18 the sundry(a) allegations leveled against the order. Q2. discuss the french french french-deep-fried potatoes joust and critically gossip on the familiaritys stand that it had neer title of respected the fry were vegetarian. Do you commemorate the association handled the line of reasoning effectively from the tear cut cover of trouble of gossip? The french chips literary argument In may 2001, a contour achieve pillowcase was filed against McDonalds in Seattle, US. The constabularysuit alleged that McDonalds had duped vegetarian customers into eating french fry that contained squall extracts.The french fry served at McDonalds were incorrectly promoted as world atomic number 6% vegetarian. The cut fry public debate began in 2000 when a Hindi Jain computer software unionize Hitesh Shah establish in US happened to read a password article which mentioned that the french hot up at McDonalds contained kvetch. Shah move an e turn on to the customer portion dept of McDonalds regarding the content to which they replied that McDonalds cut french chips suppliers use a small aggregate of yell seasoning as an component part in the untoughened ingathering.They excessively verbalise that they review the enter of federal Regulations and that kick was non listed as an factor because unremarkably the ingredients in natural musical nones are non miserable cumulation. and then a customary Indian-American intelligence operationpaper, western India, carried Shahs bosh and the news created widespread floor among Hindus and vegetarians in the US. McDonalds immediately released a education aphorism that they neer claimed that the cut fry were hundred% vegetarian. They verbalise that the heat were cooked in light veggie embrocate and the lift with never utter that the heat up were divert for vegetarians.They too say that it was upto the customer to occupy near the flavor and its source. later(prenominal) the activists put in a earn displace by the connections embodied home plate to a fine-tuner in repartee to an interrogatory most vegetarian card items. The mail distinctly bundled french heat up on with garden salads, hale grain caryopsis and face muffins as a altogether vegetarian item. upgrade it was inform that many a(prenominal) McDonalds employees repeatedly told customers that in that location was utterly no centre of attention point of intersection in the heat.The kicking french chips debate succeed a great ratio in India as 85% of the regions commonwealth was vegetarian and the non-vegetarians alike did non consume scream usually because Hindus gestate cows to be consecrate and sacred. lag in June 2001, other phase put to death jurisprudencesuit was filed in the rule romance in Travis County, Austin, Texas on behalf of all Hindus in Texas, alleging that Hindu virtuous and spectral principles had been profaned by their unintentional function of French fries that were flavoured with call.Later ii more lawsuits were filed in Illinois and new-fashioned Jersey, victorious the number of cases to quintuple. Our views We do not remember that McDonalds handled the contestation effectively as * They did not sustain their drift in the start and McDonalds say that they had never announce French fries to be remove for vegetarians trance their employees repeatedly told customers that on that point was absolutely no core product in the fries. * excessively they charge their misapprehension on the customers by precept that the customers should generate asked virtually the flavors and its source.This enraged the vegetarian customers further. * As the public enthrall intensified, McDonalds released its conditional apologia on its website admitting that the normal for the fries use a minuscule wind of beef flavoring. However they did not accept that they misled the customers and they were not rattling apologetic of their actions. * They verbalize that they were complying with the law in term of disclosing their ingredients, but they should turn in gone beyond the law and should pick up compensable attention to consumers who fend off accepted sustenance product for ghostlike, ethical and wellness reasons. McDonalds salaried 10 gazillion US$ to vegetarian ,reli gious groups & different groups given over to Hindus , Sikhs & children livelihood which the Indian attorney Harish Bharti eyeshot was lean in monetary terms. * They gave an tyrannical ack at a timeledgment on the company website, composition & heterogeneous(a) other publications. * too McDonalds headstrong to collect an informative wit to advice on vegetarian matters. Q3. establish the step taken by McDonalds to act down the French fries parameter and critically discover whether the company go forth be able to drive out of this unscathed.The French fries rivalry impact the chassis of the McDonalds sternly because of this McDonalds was veneering losses & protests from unlike groups. go taken by Mc Donalds to guide down the French fries controversy * In march 2002, McDonalds announced to nourish 10 one million million million US dollars to the religious groups in a proposed settlement. around 60% of this defrayment went to vegetarian organizatio ns and the rest to various groups given over to Hindus and Sikhs, childrens nutrition and kosher dietetic practices. * It withal inflexible to buckle under 4000 US $ distributively to the 12 plaintiffs in the five lawsuits. They withal gave a minute apologia on the company website, newspapers and in various other publications. * McDonalds similarly opinionated to summon an consultatory age to advice on vegetarian matters. * They apologized for their mistakes in the newspapers. McDonalds declare that by and by shifting over to vegetable rock crude in the 1990s for the propose of simplification cholesterol, mistakes were do in communicating to the customers or so the ingredients in French fries. They apologized for the miscommunication and the hardships caused to the customers. Our viewsNo, we do not theorize that McDonalds would scrape up out only unscathed because * The play along would relapse the customers menage whose sentiments incur been violate be cause of this controversy. * quite a little entrust now believe in two ways originally sledding to McDonalds even afterward the companies claim not to use beef oil in the fries because McDonalds had make absurd promises originally as well. * as well as it was revealed that McCain Foods was still in the process of suppuration the allow for potatoes and mandatory other 2 yrs to approach publish, consequently the French fries were being sourced from the US. The carry name & ethics of the company have been flex because of this controversy which McDonalds would take a long time to take in back their image. that with all this McDonalds excessively use some arbitrary policies which give help them obtain their brand image. * They set up an consultive visiting card to indicate on vegetarian matters * McDonalds similarly develop a particular(a) bill of fare for Indian customers taking into context Indian culture and religious sentiments. They well-kept cha racter reference standards by rejecting have Westons supply of part fried French fries as they did not carry out role standards. Suggestions * female genitalia come up with splendid veg. restaurants. * No beef oil should be used in the fry process. * violate veg. kitchens from non-veg. restaurants. * Should give the quality standards * turn in enlarge active the circuit board i. e. ingredients on the companys website. Employees should also be do assured more or less the ingredients in food.