Economic growth in indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic growth in indonesia - Essay Example Economic growth has long been the basic measure of policy effectiveness and success across countries. Recent global financial crises reduced considerably the pace and scope of economic developments in a number of regions. However, as the global crisis is moving to its end, the developing world faces better chances to improve their economic position. Indonesia is no exception: a vast and resource-intensive economy, Indonesia has everything needed to strengthen its position in the global economy. It should be noted, that the countries of the Asian and Pacific region are in a better economic position, compared with other countries of the world (The World Bank, 2011). Simultaneously, the risks of inflation remain increasingly high. Therefore, Indonesia must develop economic policies and implement instruments to slow down the acceleration of inflationary mechanisms, in ways that do not damage the country’s economic growth prospects. Indonesia is ranked the world’s fourth most populated country (U.S. Department of State, 2011). Located in the equatorial region of Asia, Indonesia occupies about 2 million sq.km, with approximately 240.3 million of people inhabiting it (U.S. Department of State, 2011). The prevailing majority of the country’s residents are Indonesian (U.S. Department of State, 2011). For many years, Indonesia was one of the biggest Dutch colonies; 300 years of the Dutch rule turned Indonesia into one of the richest and most profitable resource supplements (U.S. Department of State, 2011). It was not until 1945 that Indonesia was granted independence from Netherlands (U.S. Department of State, 2011). After the first democratic elections in 1999, Indonesia became one of the most populous democracies in the world (CIA, 2011). Despite recent developments, Indonesia is faced with a number of challenges, including poverty, poor quality education, terrorism and the risks of authoritarianism (CIA, 2011). The situation is further complicated by the

The Impact of Nuclear Weapons on Humans and Environment Research Paper

The Impact of Nuclear Weapons on Humans and Environment - Research Paper Example Chemical weapons have known to be mainly unproductive within combat; biological weapons have not been positioned at some major level. Both forms must be better selected as weapons of fear against residents and weapons of threat for armed forces. Conditions of their transportation method fluctuate very much from those for nuclear weapons. They are capable of causing significant apprehension, fright, and mental illness without perimeters in huge elements of the people. Accumulation of biological weapons is not feasible for an extensive time scale. Merely nuclear weapons are totally indiscriminate by their unstable influence, heat emission as well as radioactivity, and only they should â€Å"therefore be called a weapon of mass destruction† (Croddy et al, 2004). From the end of the Second World War, there have been many settlements focusing on the constraints, declines, and eradication of alleged weapons of mass destruction along with their delivery systems. A number of the settl ements are mutual, some multilateral, or, in exceptional cases, global. In this paper, chemical, nuclear, and biological weapons will be examined with stress on the standards to eradicate them (Busch & Joyner, 2009). Literature Review By their character, chemical weapons have a comparatively inadequate range: they form local instead of international security issues and decrease the pace of functions. In this respect, they are militarily more similar to conservative weaponry as compared to nuclear or biological arsenal (Hashmi & Lee, 2004). Even lengthened utilization of chemical weapons had no significant effect on results of wars, had just local achievements and created conflicts to no use. Due to these and other reasons, it is hard to observe why they are there to begin with. Nonetheless, they had been developed in huge amounts, and humanity has to cope with their very expensive eradication. Impact on Humans Not only scientists should be blamed for their creation, fabrication, uti lization, and also for the removal of chemical arsenal; armed forces and politicians also claimed their creation. On the other hand, people need the aid of scientists for the complicated task of neutralising or removing them (Kort & Nolan, 2010). The utilization of biological means as war tools has constantly had a doubly unfavourable world opinion in comparison with chemical warfare. A SIPRI Monograph (Prelas, 2005) explains, along with other issues, the varying view of biological and toxin warfare means, the fresh invention of biological weapons, the altering position of toxin weaponry, a latest production of vaccines to be used against biological as well as toxin artillery, and its inferences. Allegations that biological means have been applied as warheads of battle can be seen in both the printed accounts as well as within the artwork of a number of early societies. At some point in 300 BC, the Greeks contaminated the wells and other supplies of drinking water of their rivals wi th the dead bodies of animals. Afterwards, the Romans and Persians applied the similar methods. During 1155, in a battle in Tortola, Italy, Barbarossa widened the possibility of biological combat, utilizing the corpses of dead fighters along with animals to contaminate drinking water. During the year 1863, in the US Civil War, General Johnson did the same with the dead bodies of sheep as well as pigs to contaminate d

Social science research methods and ethics Essay

Social science research methods and ethics - Essay Example Social research methods are important to give a valid reason for any particular condition or issue. It helps in understanding the cause and consequences of particular situation which further is utilized to develop policies, guidelines and improvement of human life and living conditions. Researches are done for vast reasons and various ways. Social research of any kind is obviously a complex activity. It is carried out within a variety of cultural, legal, economic, and political environments which are bound to influence the research, its scope and its focus.1 This is a person who conducts research. The research can be a group activity or an individual activity depending upon the requirement and resources allocated for the research. In both the cases there are ethical issues involved at various levels. This group is the respondent group who is an important part of the research. The interest and protection of this group is one of the prime concerns area if there are any suspect of being harmed due to the result. The research process starts with selection of an appropriate topic for the research. The research topic should be such that it contributes to the area of work. The problem is defined. The literature on the similar work or related work is reviewed and the findings of literature reviews are considered to formulate hypothesis. Once the hypothesis is formulated the appropriate research method is chosen. The research method chosen should be good enough to cover the hypothesis and topic of research. Data collection is the next step. This is a tedious process and very much depended on the responded and ability of researcher or interviewer. The collected data is compiled and analyzed for the logical results. The results are compiled in the report format and shared with others. There are six types of research methods i.e surveys, participant observations, secondary analysis, documents, unobtrusive measures and experiments. Each of these

2 STORIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 STORIES - Essay Example To me, the two friends’ journey to the new catacomb appeared to be a simple adventure. However, as the two descended into the catacomb, the details inside the catacomb, with its hidden mazes, stacked corpses and the surrounding darkness started to take a hold over me and I began to develop the premonition that something eerie is going to take place. Then the climax came with all its hidden wrath and vengeance. I was surprised and in fact awed to realize that the emotion of hurt and revenge could turn into something so treacherous and at the same time so just. The end filled me with a feeling of fear. But, deep down within me, I was to some extent satisfied that the treatment met to Kennedy by Roger was fare and well deserved, though grotesque. Overall, I found the pace of the narrative, very disciplined, terse and exciting. While reading this story I felt that the writer left many facts and details unanswered. For example, he fails to mention the time and place in which the story takes place? One of the characters is shown as being an Italian and fond of Italian wines. Yet, it in no ways supports the conclusion that the locale of the narrative is Italy. Besides, the writer makes one of the characters narrate the story. Yet, the narrator fails to specifically mention his reasons for inflicting such a cruel revenge on Fortunato. This makes me guess that either Fortunato had committed some grave injustice to the narrator, or perhaps the narrator is mentally sick or psychotic. One more thing that I found inappropriate is that the writer conveys this at the very beginning that Montresor intends to inflict revenge on Fortunato. This stole a great deal of the suspense and apprehension, which I usually expect from such a thriller. The narrator’s understanding of the human nature and weaknesses was very realistic. Overall, I feel that the writer do

John Locke and property righs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Locke and property righs - Essay Example This position allowed Rawls to address two contemporary issues that are equally important but also tend oppose each other’s views: freedom and equality. The Rawlsian theory of justice is influenced by Hume’s philosophy with its critique of justice, that which prioritizes conventions and universal meaning (Forbes, 1985, 68). Hume talked about artificial justice and Rawls coined the so-called artificial device or the â€Å"original position†, which is used to determine justice. It also takes inspiration from Kantian principles, which emphasize moral nobility and the complexity and richness of human life and experience. The beauty of Rawls’ philosophy is its simplicity. The challenge of including the interests of the whole or the large number as well as those of the individual’s was addressed assuming a degree of ignorance in order to attain a desired fairness. It first rejects everything in order to get to the bottom of fairness, and justice is then d etermined. What this means is that similar crimes would have different resolutions because the conditions and parties in each crime are different. Also, there are crimes that in traditional justice could easily be punished because it fits a conventional mold. Let us suppose that a man is accused of racism because he calls someone a Negro, along with several derogatory remarks. Rawlsian philosophy does not jump into conclusion and, instead, tries to understand the situation according to several approaches and involves the reflection on several case-specific variables. The â€Å"original position† is the first of these and the second is what Rawls referred to as â€Å"reflective equilibrium†. In explaining the concept, Rawls (1999) stated that â€Å"justification is a matter of the mutual support of many considerations, of everything fitting together into one coherent view† (19). This approach to justice is radically different from the current system used in most societies. However, it depicts a framework that indicate a highly effective process because it determines and metes out justice within the context of the circumstances of the parties involved. This aspect covers the many different conceptions and interpretations of justice. For instance, retributive justice emphasizes the proportionality of the punishment to the crime committed so that it is not greater or lesser than the harm perpetuated. There is also the case of restorative justice, which follows a more benign framework, focusing on â€Å"healing† as the more preferable outcome for all stakeholders involved including the victim and the offender. Rawlsian philosophy breaks through the differences of these other theories by identifying the fundamental variable in determining justice and work its way from there. By focusing on fairness and the contexts behind actions, Rawls was able to develop a more inclusive model. While Rawlsian philosophy has earned accolades and recognit ion, it also has its share of criticisms. One of the most important is his focus on the individual. For example, if a system of justice will follow the â€Å"reflective equlibrium model† there are those who point out that it would involve several judgments and doctrines based on different backgrounds of those involved, resulting to an almost infinite number of equlibria (Maffettone, 2010, 139). The critics come from all philosophical inclinations. There are those coming from

What is Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Biology - Essay Example Later, I learned that although this definition is sound, it is not detailed or acceptable. After joining the biology class, I realized that there have been numerous debates and definitions of the subject biology. Indeed, scientists especially biologists have conducted various studies on the subject with an aim of coming up with a universal, acceptable, detailed, and scientific definition and meaning of biology. As a result, scientific research has derived the acceptable definition of biology. The definition entails all aspects of living things. Scientists derived the word biology from Greek words bios, which means life, and the word logos that means study (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2015). As such, research defines biology as the study of the science of life and living organisms that relates to the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms (Bagley, 2014). Indeed, research establishes various fields of biology that include biochemistry, cellular biology, botany, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, molecul ar biology, zoology, and physiology (Bagley, 2014). The history of biology dates back to the ancient times when human beings had to study the animals they hunted and plants they gathered (Bagley, 2014). Aristotle is the first person to practice zoology where he performed detailed investigations of marine life and plants (Bagley, 2014). Theophrastus derived the first botanical terms in 300 B.C with respect to the nature and life cycle of plants. Moreover, German botanist Leonhard Fuchs wrote the first biology book in 1542 while Carolus Linnaeus inaugurated the initial Binomial classification in 1735 (Bagley, 2014). The discovery of microscopes allowed Robert Hooke to examine plant tissue in 1665 and derived the term cells. In the 19th century, botanists and entomologists discovered and described various species (Bagley, 2014). Indeed, Charles

Expression of a persons mental state Essay Example for Free

Expression of a persons mental state Essay Emotions, feelings and intuition is the expression of a persons mental state, normally based on the persons internal (physical) and external (social), sensory feeling.[8]  We use emotions to determine our personal state of mind, we can be angry, sad and confused; and through emotion we can arrive at the truth that we are depressed. Regardless this truth only remains legitimate if the causes of the emotions remain constant. Likewise in the case we change the context of the situation, such as instead of it raining it were sunny, that person wouldnt feel as depressed and a new truth would emerge. Ethics is the study of morality; analysing if behaviour, thoughts and actions are good or right as opposed to bad and wrong.[9] Ethics plays a major role in the modern world as every public and social source, especially the media, are advertising what is nice and evil, good and bad, right and wrong. It is like the legal system, but it is more vague and theoretical also the consequences tend to be social as opposed to being sent to jail. Ethics are open to interpretation by each individual each society or even a culture as a whole. Where in the majority of Western countries it is seen as morally wrong to have more than two wives as well as illegal, in some Arab countries such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia it is acceptable to have more than one wife if you can support them. Sometimes the more wives you marry, the more money you must have, therefore the wealthier you are.[10] It is interesting to see how a large amount of people can interpret the same truth, such as in this case, which was brought to my attention by a guide during my stay in China. The use of footbinding on 6 year old girls in China during 1,000 years to impress the Emperor[11], was at the same time interpreted completely differently by an entire society. Westernized countries have never deformed their bodies, for status, erotic or social reasons as it is seen as morally wrong. It all depends on the context, and in this case it is the different backgrounds, cultures and beliefs of the two societies. History is the objective study and interpretation of information about the past.[12] To any historian a vital area of focus is the validity of sources to arrive at a truth. For example an unedited video would be considered reliable as it shows what happened without any tampering of the source as opposed to a journal, which could be biased.  However if the source is biased does it mean the truth is no longer valid ? For example when I was a little kid my parents (the source) used to tell me the Three Kings would come every January bearing presents and so they did. To me at the time it seemed as a truth and it was still valid, because I got my presents. Its not until we change the context, e.g.: present day, that the truth loses all its validity. This shows that the truth we derive from the validity of the sources is completely relative depending in the context which it is presented in, which means that the truths we know now may not be considered truths in the future.  Mathematics is a science dealing with logic and aim to derive theorems from axioms.[13] Whether it was discovered or invented we will never know, however one thing is certain; maths is highly influential in our day to day life; for example, technology, finance and architecture. We assume that mathematics provides us with an absolute truth; 1 + 1 = 2  However during my IGCSE course I experienced the ambiguity of maths (in the following example), which since then has left me thinking, if we could continue using maths as a source for truth.  The fraction 1/3 when written as a decimal number is .333 where the dots indicate that the sequence of 3s is infinite.  Thus we might write the equation:  1/3 = .3333  Multiplying both sides by 3 we get:  1 = .999  Therefore:  1 + 1 = 2 We know the first equation is a truth as we have been taught this in school and the world of mathematics revolves around that equation being valid. However using mathematical induction and rationalisation we have induced that the last equation is also valid. Nonetheless we arrive to the conclusion that they both can not be equal in a same frame of reference.  Once again Margaret Atwood, shows that the truth as we know it, cant be absolute as it varies depending on the context in which it is proposed. Answering the question Does this mean that there is no such thing as truth ? I believe there is always a truth as depending on the context, any situation can be manipulated to arrive at a truth. However I dont think Universality[14]; an idea which is universal, and exists everywhere, throughout the Universe nor an Absolute Truth exists, as the value of every thought changes depending on the context. As the Relativists would say; its all Relative.  I think a more appropriate title would have been: Does this mean there is no such thing as an absolute truth ? as the use of Context is all allows for there always to be a truth but not one that is absolute. Bibliography: Atwood, M. (1996), The Handmaids Tale. Vintage (pg. 202) http://dictionary.reference.com